Point of No Return - The Event Horizon

For our amateur scientists who are curious...
Quantum Reality
Theory of Everything
The God Particle
Gravitational Lensing

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An Event Horizon for a layman, is an outer covering of an extreme astrophysical phenomena known as Gravitational Singularity. Just like a magnet has its magnetic field, Singularities have a gravitational field. Near the singularity escape velocity is much much grater than the speed of light but moving away it decreases and at a certain distance it is exactly equal to the speed of light or "c"(say). This one dimensional distance in 3-Dimension corresponds to a sphere which surrounds the singularity and known as the Event Horizon. Since the escape velocity is greater than the speed of light and nothing can cross the speed barrier so it is a one way route to the centre and also known as the Point of No Return.



It makes impossible to see inside a black hole or a naked singularity.

As an object or dust particles from comets, planets or even stars rotating around a black hole gradually reaches near the event horizon it starts gaining speed, breaks into pieces and gets heated up due to the collision between different bodies at high speed and thus forms Accretion Disk which in turn covers the Event Horizon up and makes it impossible to see it.

Event Horizon is the point where we observe certain events varying in properties than we normally observe in day to day life. Let's assume an Astronomer falling into a black hole. Closing into the event horizon he will experience tremendous amount of gravity. Gravity will change drastically from his head to neck to chest to other parts of the body that his body will be elongated and stretched infinitely and be torn apart.

The most interesting thing about this place is we can't see any object actually crossing the event horizon because of the General Relativity. The speed of the falling object is approaching "c" thus time is dilated to infinity. So the object, for an observer (in his frame of reference), will appear taking forever to fall into the black hole and will appear to have frozen to a stationary state and seize to go beyond. But in reality (object's frame of reference) it would have easily crossed the barrier and would have fallen into the singularity very long ago.

Now this property of gravity to dilate time could be harnessed to have a inter-planetary sling-shot into the future. A little maneuver around the event horizon for like 5-6 minutes will account for aprox. 100-150 earth yrs. Thus, someone can go past centuries without actually living it i.e. into the future. Also the maneuver is above the horizon so the risk of falling into the black hole is under control.
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For our amateur scientists who are curious...
Quantum Reality
Theory of Everything
The God Particle
Gravitational Lensing

Read More

Theory of Everything

For our amateur scientists who are curious...
Quantum Reality
Event Horizon
The God Particle
Gravitational Lensing

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A Theory of Everything, as the name suggests, is the ultimate theory which can describe all the 4 forces in nature through a single equation. It is believed to be the final chapter in understanding the working of The Universe and its birth.

Till now we have two theories :

(1.) General Theory of Relativity (GTR) : General Relativity, in layman's language, is the theory of Gravitation. It provides a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space-time. What we perceive as the force of gravity is in fact a depression in the fabric of space-time due to the mass of the body. More mass, more depression and thus more gravity.

(2.) Quantum Field Theory (QFT) : Quantum Mechanics or QFT is a fundamental theory in physics which describes the working of nature at the smallest scale of energy levels of atoms and sub-atomic particles. In QFT energy, momentum and other quantities are restricted to a discrete value(quantization), objects have characteristics of both particle and wave(wave-particle duality) and there are limits to the precision with which quantities can be known(uncertainty principle).

GR works at the macro level and can accurately predict the cosmic phenomena such as the motion of celestial bodies, gravitational lensing, gravitational waves, etc. On the other hand QFT works at the micro level and tells us about the quantization of physical properties, can predict the probability of finding an electron, etc.

Everything is like happy go lucky. But as it turned out that the theories are inconsistent in regions of extremely small-scale and high mass, such as those that exist within a black hole(singularity) or during the beginning of the universe. When scientists try to incorporate Gravity into QM things start to go bizarre and results become unacceptable and drastically wrong.

Both the theory explains the physical world yet they can't be combined together unless we have the quantum-gravitational data which can be found inside of a black hole. And again we can never go inside a black hole so we can't get the data. This is like a closed loop for the astrophysical community and it really sucks.

The Theory of Everything is the the solution of the two theories GR and QFT solved using the quantum-gravitational data and when it's complete it can predict the past, present and even the future(to some extent and accuracy). With this theory we can complete our knowledge of the Universe and can even answer the biggest questions of all time, "Why the Big Bang happened?" or "Why the Universe is like as we see it today?".

Please post your valuable comments.

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For our amateur scientists who are curious...
Quantum Reality
Event Horizon
The God Particle
Gravitational Lensing

Read More

Gravity - Not A Gentleman

For our amateur scientists who are curious...
Theory of Everything
The God Particle
Bosons-The Force Carriers
Consequences of Approaching 'c'

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Gravity is the building force of the Universe. At first sight it looks very gentle. It is always attractive in nature and the weakest force in nature. It is the gravity which attracted all the dust and hydrogen atoms to form clouds which then resulted into the formation of stars, planets and galaxies of which we are a part. We can say that gravity is the driving force of nature.

More mass more gravity. Gravity is the mother force behind all the happenings in this Universe. But sometimes it becomes intolerable. When gravity is at its peak it discards all the other forces and dominates over them and that is what we observe inside Black Holes. For a star whose mass(min. req.) is thrice the mass of the Sun, it results into a Black Hole. Inside the Black Hole lies Singularity, a place where space-time framework depress to infinity and gravity is so strong that not even light can escape. In simple terms singularity is just gravity gone mad.

Singularity is hidden inside an Event Horizon and  anything which goes inside remains inside. For a layman the escape velocity exceeds the speed of light and from General Relativity nothing can breach the speed barrier thus, once inside it's impossible to get outside, not even if you're light.

At Singularity gravity is so strong that all the matter collapse in a pin point denying all the known laws of quantum mechanics. Well a new super matter can be observed there in which all the sub-atomic particles are being forced to share the same quantum state simultaneously overlooking the Pauli's Exclusion Principle. At Singularity Space-Time bends to infinity. All the existing laws of science fails here. Singularities or say Black Holes are abundant in our universe and their sole existence is a question to the entire science community. They exist so it must be some physics working there supporting its existence which we don't know yet and this opens the gate for new discovery. To define Singularity we need a whole new branch of science with a whole new set of theories and concept. One thing which we need is the Quantum Gravitational Data which we don't have yet but not for long.

Please post your valuable comments.

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For our amateur scientists who are curious...
Theory of Everything
The God Particle
Bosons-The Force Carriers
Consequences of Approaching 'c'

Read More