Point of No Return - The Event Horizon

For our amateur scientists who are curious...
Quantum Reality
Theory of Everything
The God Particle
Gravitational Lensing

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An Event Horizon for a layman, is an outer covering of an extreme astrophysical phenomena known as Gravitational Singularity. Just like a magnet has its magnetic field, Singularities have a gravitational field. Near the singularity escape velocity is much much grater than the speed of light but moving away it decreases and at a certain distance it is exactly equal to the speed of light or "c"(say). This one dimensional distance in 3-Dimension corresponds to a sphere which surrounds the singularity and known as the Event Horizon. Since the escape velocity is greater than the speed of light and nothing can cross the speed barrier so it is a one way route to the centre and also known as the Point of No Return.



It makes impossible to see inside a black hole or a naked singularity.

As an object or dust particles from comets, planets or even stars rotating around a black hole gradually reaches near the event horizon it starts gaining speed, breaks into pieces and gets heated up due to the collision between different bodies at high speed and thus forms Accretion Disk which in turn covers the Event Horizon up and makes it impossible to see it.

Event Horizon is the point where we observe certain events varying in properties than we normally observe in day to day life. Let's assume an Astronomer falling into a black hole. Closing into the event horizon he will experience tremendous amount of gravity. Gravity will change drastically from his head to neck to chest to other parts of the body that his body will be elongated and stretched infinitely and be torn apart.

The most interesting thing about this place is we can't see any object actually crossing the event horizon because of the General Relativity. The speed of the falling object is approaching "c" thus time is dilated to infinity. So the object, for an observer (in his frame of reference), will appear taking forever to fall into the black hole and will appear to have frozen to a stationary state and seize to go beyond. But in reality (object's frame of reference) it would have easily crossed the barrier and would have fallen into the singularity very long ago.

Now this property of gravity to dilate time could be harnessed to have a inter-planetary sling-shot into the future. A little maneuver around the event horizon for like 5-6 minutes will account for aprox. 100-150 earth yrs. Thus, someone can go past centuries without actually living it i.e. into the future. Also the maneuver is above the horizon so the risk of falling into the black hole is under control.
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For our amateur scientists who are curious...
Quantum Reality
Theory of Everything
The God Particle
Gravitational Lensing

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Theory of Everything

For our amateur scientists who are curious...
Quantum Reality
Event Horizon
The God Particle
Gravitational Lensing

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A Theory of Everything, as the name suggests, is the ultimate theory which can describe all the 4 forces in nature through a single equation. It is believed to be the final chapter in understanding the working of The Universe and its birth.

Till now we have two theories :

(1.) General Theory of Relativity (GTR) : General Relativity, in layman's language, is the theory of Gravitation. It provides a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space-time. What we perceive as the force of gravity is in fact a depression in the fabric of space-time due to the mass of the body. More mass, more depression and thus more gravity.

(2.) Quantum Field Theory (QFT) : Quantum Mechanics or QFT is a fundamental theory in physics which describes the working of nature at the smallest scale of energy levels of atoms and sub-atomic particles. In QFT energy, momentum and other quantities are restricted to a discrete value(quantization), objects have characteristics of both particle and wave(wave-particle duality) and there are limits to the precision with which quantities can be known(uncertainty principle).

GR works at the macro level and can accurately predict the cosmic phenomena such as the motion of celestial bodies, gravitational lensing, gravitational waves, etc. On the other hand QFT works at the micro level and tells us about the quantization of physical properties, can predict the probability of finding an electron, etc.

Everything is like happy go lucky. But as it turned out that the theories are inconsistent in regions of extremely small-scale and high mass, such as those that exist within a black hole(singularity) or during the beginning of the universe. When scientists try to incorporate Gravity into QM things start to go bizarre and results become unacceptable and drastically wrong.

Both the theory explains the physical world yet they can't be combined together unless we have the quantum-gravitational data which can be found inside of a black hole. And again we can never go inside a black hole so we can't get the data. This is like a closed loop for the astrophysical community and it really sucks.

The Theory of Everything is the the solution of the two theories GR and QFT solved using the quantum-gravitational data and when it's complete it can predict the past, present and even the future(to some extent and accuracy). With this theory we can complete our knowledge of the Universe and can even answer the biggest questions of all time, "Why the Big Bang happened?" or "Why the Universe is like as we see it today?".

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For our amateur scientists who are curious...
Quantum Reality
Event Horizon
The God Particle
Gravitational Lensing

Read More

Higgs Boson-The God Particle

For our amateur scientists who are curious...
Event Horizon
Theory of Everything
Consequences of Approaching 'c'
Gravitational Lensing

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Higgs Boson, one of the five Bosons, is the particle which gives mass to the matter. Without the Higgs Boson the universe would be massless and can't be in a stage as we see it now. If a particle is massless then it is impossible for it to stay at one place and it will always be zooming here and there at the speed of light. Without mass, the particles wouldn't hold together-and there would be no matter.

Higgs Boson creates a sticky energy field and whenever a fundamental particle like quark interacts with this field it slows down and becomes a candidate for coupling with another quark and thus creates atoms. The more the particle interacts with the field the more mass it gains. The Higgs particle brought the full stop in the early chaos of the universe after the inflation. And for all these properties it is known as "The God Particle".

The existence of the particle was theorized in 1964 by the British physicist Peter Higgs to explain why matter has mass. The Higgs is part of many theoretical equations underpinning scientists' understanding of how the world came into being. It is the most basic particle of the Standard Model and the scientists were worried that if it remains a hypothetical particle, the physics we know is wrong, all of it.

The Higgs boson is so elusive that only about one collision per trillion will produce one of them in the collider. But on March 14 2013 LHC replied.

"To me it is clear that we are dealing with a Higgs boson, though we still have a long way to go to know what kind of Higgs boson it is," said Joe Incandela, a physicist who heads one of the two main teams at CERN, each involving about 3,000 scientists.

Since the Higgs field is scalar, the Higgs boson has no spin. The Higgs boson is also its own antiparticle and is CP-even, and has zero electric and colour charge. It's mass is between 115 and 180 GeV/c2 and has a mean life of about 1.6×10−22 s. One way that the Higgs can decay is by splitting into a fermion–antifermion pair.

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For our amateur scientists who are curious...
Event Horizon
Theory of Everything
Consequences of Approaching 'c'
Gravitational Lensing

Read More

Black Hole - Mother of the Universe

Black holes are more complex than they look. Inside it there exists Singularity - A place where gravitational field becomes so high that the space-time curvature tends to infinity and all the known laws of physics collapse. As the Big-Bang Theory suggests that the Universe and the Time got its birth from a massive explosion and everything came into existence from nothing , but its not that simple as it look. How can this much of Universe came from just nothing ?

The answer lies here.

We can treat The Black Hole as the mother of The Universe. What I mean to say that when something goes into the black hole , some part of it turns into energy and that was expelled out by the black hole in different forms viz. quizzare, radiation, etc. and the remaining part goes into it for forever. But where did they go. From my theory when some thing goes into the black hole it came out from the White Hole. Thus, every Black Hole has White Hole and now we can say that Big Bang was nothing but was the event when a Black Hole at the other end, swallowed the matter and ejected it through the White Hole.

We can't see White Hole because it is a part of Black Hole or inside the Black Hole. It can become  a possibility that our whole Universe is inside a Super Massive Black Hole and as the gravity is infinite here, time has no significance because Time is a function of Gravity. For us after the Big-Bang millions of millions years had passed but at the other end of this White Hole beyond the Black Hole not a fraction of time had passed. Thus our Universe can stay like this forever just contracting and expanding under its own gravity.

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Structure of the Universe

Space is the greatest mystery for the human race since he came to its existence. Previously the questions are like - What is space ? What is its limit ? and so on...
            Now as we developed we explored the universe, observed it we came to know some new and astonishing facts about universe but still the questions continued but in a different way like - What is the limit of the Universe ? What is its fate ? and the biggest one is that Are we alone ?
The answer of all the questions lie in the structure of  the universe. Its rather more complex than it appear. I have tried to explain it to some extent with my own visualisations.
             Universe is just like a bowl full of happenings. A bowl full of balls and every ball is same in its composition with one another. We can say that universe is a periodic function of that ball. Here the ball refer to the Galaxy. A cloud of gas containing millions of stars and a Super Massive Black Hole in its centre is what we call as a Galaxy. Galaxy are the functional unit of the Universe. There are aprox. 10^22 galaxies in in this universe.
             This raise the question for the existence of ETs (Extra Terestial), as universe is the function of galaxy hence, if Milkyway contains us then different galaxies should also contain at least a possible star-planetary system in which life is possible. From here again the concept of time travel comes. Inside any black hole there exist a most wanted term of physics - Singularity. No one knows what happens at singularity. It is a place where space-time curvature tends to infinity and time has no significance. The time started at the singularity. Thus it can serve as the worm hole and one can use it for time travel.
Universe -
Dark Energy - 68.7%
Radiation - 26.3%
Visible Matter - 5%
                  To describe universe in just one page is impossible. It can take upto all the pages of your copy and still your knowledge about it will be only 5%. Its just a bag of mystery.

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