Higgs Boson-The God Particle

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Event Horizon
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Higgs Boson, one of the five Bosons, is the particle which gives mass to the matter. Without the Higgs Boson the universe would be massless and can't be in a stage as we see it now. If a particle is massless then it is impossible for it to stay at one place and it will always be zooming here and there at the speed of light. Without mass, the particles wouldn't hold together-and there would be no matter.

Higgs Boson creates a sticky energy field and whenever a fundamental particle like quark interacts with this field it slows down and becomes a candidate for coupling with another quark and thus creates atoms. The more the particle interacts with the field the more mass it gains. The Higgs particle brought the full stop in the early chaos of the universe after the inflation. And for all these properties it is known as "The God Particle".

The existence of the particle was theorized in 1964 by the British physicist Peter Higgs to explain why matter has mass. The Higgs is part of many theoretical equations underpinning scientists' understanding of how the world came into being. It is the most basic particle of the Standard Model and the scientists were worried that if it remains a hypothetical particle, the physics we know is wrong, all of it.

The Higgs boson is so elusive that only about one collision per trillion will produce one of them in the collider. But on March 14 2013 LHC replied.

"To me it is clear that we are dealing with a Higgs boson, though we still have a long way to go to know what kind of Higgs boson it is," said Joe Incandela, a physicist who heads one of the two main teams at CERN, each involving about 3,000 scientists.

Since the Higgs field is scalar, the Higgs boson has no spin. The Higgs boson is also its own antiparticle and is CP-even, and has zero electric and colour charge. It's mass is between 115 and 180 GeV/c2 and has a mean life of about 1.6×10−22 s. One way that the Higgs can decay is by splitting into a fermion–antifermion pair.

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For our amateur scientists who are curious...
Event Horizon
Theory of Everything
Consequences of Approaching 'c'
Gravitational Lensing

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Bosons - The Force Carriers

For our amateur scientists who are curious...
Event Horizon
Theory of Everything
The God Particle
Consequences of Approaching 'c'

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There are two types of particles in nature, one is Fermions and the other is Bosons. In quantum mechanics, a Boson is a particle that follows Bose–Einstein Statistics. It was named after the Indian Physicist Satyendra Nath Bose who worked with Albert Einstein in developing Bose–Einstein Statistics—which theorizes the characteristics of Elementary particles.

In the Standard Model there are five Bosons which are elementary :
The four Gauge Bosons - photons (p); gluons (g); W, Z
The only Scalar Boson - Higgs Boson (H)
Additionally, Graviton (G) of Quantum Gravity is a hypothetical elementary particle yet to discover.

Some examples of Bosons include fundamental particles such as photons, gluons, and W and Z bosons

(the four force-carrying gauge bosons of the Standard Model), the Higgs Boson, composite particles [e.g. mesons and stable nuclei of even mass number such as Deuterium (with one proton and one neutron; mass number = 2), Helium-4, or Lead-208; and some Quasiparticles (e.g. Cooper pairs, plasmons, and phonons)].

Bosons are the force carrier particles and functions as 'glue' holding matters together. Bosons have a very intersting property that unlike Fermions it has no restrictions for the number of particles that can take up the same quantum state. And this characteristic property of Bosons opened the gate for the introduction of a completely new state of matter - Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC). As a consequence of the Spin–Statistics theorem when a gas of Bose particles [particles with integer spin (s = 0, 1, 2 etc.)] is cooled down to absolute zero then the kinetic energy of the particles decreases to a negligible amount and they condense into a lowest energy level state. This state is called Bose-Einstein Condensation, fifth state of matter.

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For our amateur scientists who are curious...
Event Horizon
Theory of Everything
The God Particle
Consequences of Approaching 'c'

---

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Read More

Generalization of Particle Physics

According to the Particle Physics all of the particle is made up of only two kinds :

•  Fermions
•  Bosons

Fermions - The elementary particles that make up matters are Fermions. The Standard Model includes 12 elementary particles of spin -½ known as fermions. According to the spin-statistics theorem, Fermions obeys the Pauli exclusion principle. Each Fermion has a corresponding antiparticle.

The Fermions of the Standard Model are classified according to how they interact (or equivalently, by what charges they carry). There are six quarks (up, down, charm, strange, top, bottom), and six leptons (electron, electron neutrino, muon, muon neutrino, tau, tau neutrino).

Bosons - Bosons are force carriers that function as the 'glue' holding matter together. Bosons are particles which obey Bose–Einstein statistics. An important characteristic of bosons is that their statistics does not restrict the number that can occupy the same quantum state. This property holds for all particles with integer spin (s = 0, 1, 2 etc.) as an immediate consequence of the spin–statistics theorem.

While most bosons are composite particles, in the Standard Model, there are five bosons which are elementary :

• The four Gauge Bosons (Photon, Gluon, Z-Boson, W-Boson)
• The Higgs Boson

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