With an optical telescope the background of the universe (except stars, planets and all that) looks completely dark but using a sufficiently sensitive radio telescope shows a very faint glow which is uniform all over the universe. It is not associated with any of the galaxy, star, etc... The glow belongs to the microwave radiation.
That is what we know as Cosmic Microwave Background which is the thermal radiation left over by the Big Bang. It is the oldest light of the universe.The Cosmic Microwave Background is well explained as radiation left over from an early stage in the development of the universe.
It was discovered in 1964 by American Radio Astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson.
At the time of the Big Bang when the universe was young, it was dense and filled with hot dense cloud of hydrogen. As universe expanded it cooled down and became transparent. Thus studying cosmic microwave background can tell us much about the primitive universe.
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